|
Strona główna /
Obyczaje, kultura, społeczeństwo /
Szlak Mirry i Kadzidła
|
Szlak Mirry i Kadzidła
|
| autor |
wiadomość |
Elzbieta
dołączył: 2010-01-01
postów: 157
|
1998 - Opowieść o dziejach maÅ‚o znanego szlaku handlowego prowadzÄ…cego z Arabii PoÅ‚udniowej na tereny Å›ródziemnomorskie, zwanego szlakiem wonnoÅ›ci. WzdÅ‚uż niego wÅ‚aÅ›nie rozwijaÅ‚y siÄ™ wielkie cywilizacje Mezopotamii, doliny Nilu i basenu Morza Åšródziemnego. Autor przywoÅ‚uje relacje europejskich...
Opowieść o dziejach maÅ‚o znanego szlaku handlowego, prowadzÄ…cego z Arabii PoÅ‚udniowej na tereny Å›ródziemnomorskie, zwanego szlakiem wonnoÅ›ci. WzdÅ‚uż niego wÅ‚aÅ›nie rozwijaÅ‚y siÄ™ wielkie cywilizacje Mezopotamii, doliny Nilu i basenu Morza Åšródziemnego. Autor przywoÅ‚uje relacje europejskich podróżników, arabskich poszukiwaczy przygód, a także prace geografów i historyków starożytnoÅ›ci i Å›redniowiecza. Z książki Schecka dowiadujemy siÄ™, jakie byÅ‚y przyczyny zainteresowania Rzymu wonnoÅ›ciami Arabii, jak od czasów rzymskich próbowano odkrywać tajemnice tej krainy. Poznajemy życie codzienne mieszkaÅ„ców pustyÅ„ PóÅ‚wyspu, dzieje Arabii PoÅ‚udniowej od królestwa Saby po ostatnie paÅ„stwo himjaryckie.
http://ksiazki.wp.pl/ bid,4670,eid,4772,tytul,Szlak-mirry-i- kadzidla,ksiazka.html?ticaid=1a959
http://merlin.pl/Szlak-mirry-i-kadzidla- Od-Arabii-do-Rzymu-sladem-antycznych- kultur_Frank-Rainer-Scheck/browse/ product/1,150382.html
1) Krolestwo Sabejskie
The economy of the Kingdom of Qataban (light blue) was based on the cultivation and trade of spices and aromatics including frankincense and myrrh. These were exported to the Mediterranean, India and Abyssinia where they were greatly prized by many cultures, using camels on routes through Arabia, and to India by sea.
2) Szlak mirry i kadzidła
3) surowiec kadzidla
4) Drzewa Kadzidla
5) Szlak mirry i kadzidła
The incense trade, connecting Egypt to the incense-producing lands, depended heavily on navigation along the Red Sea.
|
Elzbieta
dołączył: 2010-01-01
postów: 157
|
Incense Route
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Incense trade route or the Incense Road of Antiquity comprised a network of major ancient trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with Eastern sources of incense (and spices), stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Arabia to India. The incense trade flourished from South Arabia to the Mediterranean between roughly the 3rd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The Incense Route served as a channel for trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and East African rare woods, feathers, animal skins and gold.
The Egyptians had traded in the Red Sea, importing spices from the "Land of Punt" and from Arabia. Indian goods were bought in Arabian vessels to Aden. Rawlinson identifies the long-debated "ships of Tarshish," as a Tyrian fleet equipped at Ezion-Geber that made several trading voyages to the east bringing back gold, silver, ivory and precious stones. These goods were transhipped at the port of Ophir.
According to one historian:
In the ancient period, it would seem that South Arabia and the Horn of Africa were the major suppliers of incense, while in modern times the commercial centre for the trade in gums has been Aden and Oman. Early ritual texts from Egypt show that incense was being bought to the upper Nile by traders, but perhaps the most spectacular evidence of this trade is provided by the frescos dated to around 1500 BCE on the walls of the temple at Thebes commemorating the journey of a fleet that the Queen of Egypt had sent to the Land of Punt. Five ships are depicted in these reliefs, piled high with treasure, and one of them shows thirty-one small incense trees in tubs being carried on board.
The Periplus Maris Erythraei and other Greek texts refer to several coastal sites in the Horn of Africa, Southern Arabia and India involved with trade in frankincense, myrrh, cassia, bdellium and a range of gum resins termed duaka and kankamon and mok rotu.
Land routes
Among the important trading points of the Incense Route was Gerrha, reported by the historian Strabo to have been founded by Babylonian exiles as a Chaldean colony. Gerrha exercised influence over the incense trade routes across Arabia to the Mediterranean and controlled the aromatics trade to Babylon in the 1st century BC. Gerrha was one of the important entry ports for goods shipped from India.
Due to its prominent position in the incense trade, Yemen attracted settlers from the fertile crescent. The frankincense and myrrh trees were crucial to the economy of Yemen and were recognized as a source of wealth by the its rulers.
Assyrian documents indicate that Tiglath-Pileser III advanced through Phoenicia to Gaza. Gaza was eventually sacked and the ruler of Gaza escaped to Egypt but later continued to act as a vassal administrator. The motive behind the attack was to gain control of the South Arabian incense trade which had prospered along the region.
I.E.S. Edwards connects the Syro-Ephraimite War to the desire of the Israelites and the Aramaeans to control the northern end of the Incense route, which ran up from Southern Arabia and could be tapped by commanding Transjordan. Archaeological inscriptions also speak of booty retrieved from the land of the mu-u-na-a-a, possibly Meunites mentioned in the Old Testament. Some scholars identify this group as the Minaeans of South Arabia, who were involved with the incense trade and occupied the northern trading outposts of the Incense Route.
Aromatics from Dhofar and luxury goods from India bought wealth to the kingdoms of Arabia. The aromatics of Dhofar were shipped out from the natural harbor of Khor Rori towards the western inhospitable South Arabian coast. The caravans carried these products north to Shabwa and from there on to the kingdoms of Qataban, Saba, Ma'in, Palestine up to Gaza. The tolls levied by the owners of wells and other facilities added to the overall cost of these luxury goods.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Incense_Route
|
| |
| |
;)
;)
;)
;)
;)