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Strona główna /
Obyczaje, kultura, społeczeństwo /
Algebra pochodzi z Zabid
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Algebra pochodzi z Zabid
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Elzbieta
dołączył: 2010-01-01
postów: 157
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Algebra jest madrym wynalaskiem z Jemenu
Jest to bardzo dobra i mila wiadomosc wiedziec, ze Algebra pochodzi z Jemenu:
Ale na Tihamie znajduje siÄ™ jeden z najwiÄ™kszych skarbów Å›redniowiecznej nauki islamskiej - miasto Zabid, w którym mieÅ›ciÅ‚ siÄ™ najwiÄ™kszy uniwersytet ówczesnego Å›wiata. Niektórzy uważajÄ…, że w murach tutejszej uczelni zostaÅ‚y sformuÅ‚owane takie pojÄ™cia, jak na przykÅ‚ad algebra (arab. al-jabr). Podobnie jak Sana, Zabid znalazÅ‚ siÄ™ na liÅ›cie Åšwiatowego Dziedzictwa Kultury UNESCO, choć dziÅ› mieszkaÅ„cy toczÄ… z pustyniÄ… walkÄ™ o zachowanie tego miasta w caÅ‚oÅ›ci.
http://www.psz.pl/tekst-17910/Jemen- Szczesliwa-Arabia
Algebra – jeden z najstarszych dziaÅ‚ów matematyki powstaÅ‚y już w starożytnoÅ›ci. Zajmuje siÄ™ on strukturami algebraicznymi i relacjami. Algebra elementarna zajmuje siÄ™ takimi dziaÅ‚aniami jak dodawanie i mnożenie; wprowadza pojÄ™cie zmiennej i wielomianu razem z jego faktoryzacjÄ… i znajdowaniem ich pierwiastków, jednakże algebra jest dziaÅ‚em bardziej ogólnym (patrz podziaÅ‚ algebry).
Słowo algebra pochodzi z tytułu dzieła Hisab al-dżabr wa'l-mukabala (O odtwarzaniu i przeciwstawianiu), autorstwa Alchwarizmiego (VIII/IX wiek).
Definicja
Niech A będzie niepustym zbiorem A, zaś K dowolnym ciałem. Jeżeli spełnione są warunki:
A jest pierścieniem,
A jest przestrzeniÄ… wektorowÄ… nad ciaÅ‚em K wzglÄ™dem dodawania w pierÅ›cieniu i mnożenia elementów z A przez elementy ciaÅ‚a K,
mnożenie wewnÄ™trzne w pierÅ›cieniu A i mnożenie wektorów przez skalary z ciaÅ‚a K speÅ‚niajÄ…, to zbiór A nazywamy algebrÄ… nad ciaÅ‚em K lub krótko: K-algebrÄ… .
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra
1) Szkola w Zabid
2) Oryginalna Algebra
3) Szkola w Zabid
4) Plakat promuje Algebre
5) Zabid
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Elzbieta
dołączył: 2010-01-01
postów: 157
|
Tutaj teksty po Angielsku:
Zabid
The historic town or medina of Zabid is renowned for its domestic architecture and its Islamic university attracting students from far.
The development of Zabid started in 631 with the arrival of Moslem power.
Reviews
Zabid is an amazing place, quite different from the rest of Yemen. The architecture is more conservative than the mountain and desert areas. Many of the mosques are small, but there are many of them.
Another fairly unique feature is that the settlement has not spread beyond its medieval boudaries, which gives the place a very unique feeling.
The main architectural feature are the carved stucco doorways which can be seen in a number of house componds.
The main glories of Yemen are to be found in Sanaa and the mountains. On either side of these hopwever are 2 other sights – to the east the desert ruins of Marib which are currently only on the WHS Tentative list and, to the west, the WHS inscribed old town of Zabed,
The West side of Yemen consists of a flat low-lying strip of semi desert called “The Tihama”. This area is hot, hot, hot! Facing Africa, it feels very different from the rest of Yemen. If you go there you will probably overnight in the port of Al-Hudayda and Zabed lies a few miles south.
Zabed is one of those WHS which, if it justifies its inscription, does so because of what it has been rather than for what you can see now. From the earliest years of Islam a Koranic university flourished there. It is said that the word “Algebra” (Al-jabr) was coined by a scholar from the town. The very first mosque in Yemen was founded nearby by a local leader who actually visited the Prophet Mohammed in Medina.
The old town is surrounded by walls in mixed state of repair. The main entrance is through a medieval gate and inside there is an area of suqs, a few mosques and a “palace” (19th century). Pleasant enough but, in the heat, not anything to get excited about! The centuries of Islamic scholarship do not come across to the casual non-Islamic visitor!
We were however invited into a couple of the town houses and these were far more rewarding with their patterned white stucco walls and richly painted ceilings in “Islamic” abstract designs. The colors, though not of course the subject matter, reminded me very much of those on the ceilings of churches and monasteries in nearby Ethiopia – the same rich reds, golds and dark blues which on the other side of the Red Sea were used to produce those rows of smiling “saints”.
This brings home the early connections between the 2 sides of the Red Sea – Yemen was on several occasions part of the Axumite empire and was a flourishing Christian and Jewish area before the rise of Islam.
As you cross the Tihama you will come across nomads living in circular reed huts – a reminder that Africa is very close!
http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/ zabid.html
Historic Town of Zabid
Province: al-Hudayda
Zabid's domestic and military architecture and its urban plan make it an outstanding archaeological and historical site. Besides being the capital of Yemen from the 13th to the 15th century, the city played an important role in the Arab and Muslim world for many centuries because of its Islamic university.
http://www.yementourism.com/tourism2009/ unesco/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=2651
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